Third-Party Reproduction Therapy
When Becoming a ParentTakes a Different Path
Psychotherapy for the complicated emotions that can arise when becoming a parent involves donor eggs, donor sperm, embryos, or a gestational carrier
- Care
- Individual & Couples Psychotherapy
- Focus
- Grief, Identity & Relationships
- Specialty
- Third-Party Reproduction
- Certified
- IPPE-C
Third-party reproduction can make it possible to build the family you have hoped for, while also bringing emotions that can be difficult to acknowledge—even when you feel deeply grateful for the path you have found. Using donor eggs, donor sperm, embryos, or a gestational carrier can involve grief, uncertainty, anger, jealousy, envy, shame, or a painful sense of failure. These feelings do not mean that you are not grateful, that you do not want your baby, or that you have made the wrong decision. They are often part of trying to emotionally understand a path to parenthood that is very different from the one you imagined.
For some intended parents, the experience touches something deeper than the practical challenges of fertility treatment. It can raise difficult questions about biology, pregnancy, motherhood or fatherhood, identity, the body, genetic connection, and what it means to become a family. There may be grief for the pregnancy, child, or family experience you imagined having, alongside love and hope for the child you are working so hard to bring into your life. These conflicting emotions can be especially painful when there seems to be no place to talk honestly about them.
Psychotherapy can provide a space to explore these experiences without judgment or pressure to feel a particular way. From an attachment-focused, relational, and psychodynamic perspective, we can look beneath the immediate emotions to understand what this process means to you and how it may be affecting your sense of self and your relationships. The goal is not simply to help you get through the logistics of third-party reproduction, but to help you make emotional sense of your experience and move toward parenthood with greater self-understanding, integration, and connection.
You May Be Experiencing
The Emotional Challenges of Third-Party Reproduction
- Grief for the Path You Imagined
- Self-Esteem, Identity & the Body
- Anger, Envy & Jealousy
- Feeling Like You Have Failed
- Relationships & Couples
- Making Sense of Your Family Story
- Identity Issues
My Approach
Understanding the Person Beneath the Process
My approach is attachment-focused, relational, and psychodynamic. Rather than focusing only on coping strategies or the logistics of fertility treatment, we explore the deeper emotional experience of becoming a parent through third-party reproduction. Together, we may explore grief and loss, attachment, identity, self-esteem, relationships, and the meanings you have attached to fertility, pregnancy, biology, and parenthood. We can make room for feelings that may seem contradictory—gratitude alongside grief, love alongside anger, hope alongside fear, or excitement alongside envy and uncertainty. The therapeutic relationship itself can become an important place to understand experiences that may be difficult to put into words elsewhere. My goal is to help you develop a deeper understanding of your emotional experience so that you can move through this process with greater self-compassion, authenticity, and connection to yourself and the family you are creating.
Area of focus
Specialized Psychotherapy for Intended Parents
I work with individuals and couples navigating third-party reproduction involving donor sperm, donor eggs, donor embryos, and gestational carriers. I understand that the emotional work involved may extend far beyond the decisions and practical challenges of fertility treatment. This work may include processing reproductive grief, exploring complicated feelings about genetic or biological connection, rebuilding a sense of self and identity, navigating changes in the couple relationship, and finding a way to integrate the story of how your family came to be. Third-party reproduction is not simply a medical pathway to parenthood. For many people, it is a profound psychological transition that can reshape how they experience their bodies, relationships, identities, and hopes for the future. Psychotherapy can provide a private, thoughtful space to explore that experience in depth.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
What is third-party reproduction?
Third-party reproduction refers to building a family with the help of another person or donated reproductive material. This may include donor sperm, donor eggs, donor embryos, or a gestational carrier. For intended parents, the process can involve not only complex medical and practical decisions but also significant emotional questions about grief, identity, relationships, biology, and parenthood.
Why might I need psychotherapy during third-party reproduction?
Fertility counseling often focuses on education, decision-making, and the practical and ethical considerations involved in third-party reproduction. Psychotherapy can provide something different: a deeper space to explore grief, conflicting emotions, self-esteem, identity, attachment, relationship changes, and the meaning of becoming a parent through a different path than you originally imagined.
Is it normal to feel grief, anger, jealousy, or envy during third-party reproduction?
Yes. Third-party reproduction can bring complicated and sometimes conflicting emotions. You may feel grateful for the opportunity to become a parent while simultaneously grieving the pregnancy, genetic connection, or reproductive experience you had imagined. Feelings such as anger, jealousy, envy, shame, or failure do not mean that you are ungrateful or that you do not want your child. They can be important emotions to understand rather than judge.

Written by
Rayna D. Markin, PhD
Licensed psychologist · IPPE-C credentialed · Associate Professor in Counseling · President-Elect, Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy (Division 29, APA) · Associate editor, APA journal Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, and Training · Author of Psychotherapy for Pregnancy Loss
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